Types of Fire Extinguishers: Classes and Uses

Fire extinguishers are designed to stop small fires from spreading, but not every fire extinguisher works the same way. Using the wrong type on the wrong kind of fire can make a dangerous situation worse. Understanding the different types of fire extinguishers helps you respond safely and choose the right option for your home.

This guide explains what fire extinguishers are used for, the different classes available, and which types are commonly recommended for residential use.

What Is a Fire Extinguisher Used For

A fire extinguisher is a portable safety device designed to control or put out small, early-stage fires. Fire extinguishers are meant to slow a fire long enough for people to escape or to stop minor incidents before they grow.

According to the U.S. Fire Administration, fire extinguishers are intended for use on small fires only and should never replace evacuation when conditions become unsafe.

Fire extinguishers are not intended to fight large or rapidly spreading fires, replace emergency response services, or be used when smoke or flames block a safe exit.

If a fire is spreading quickly or producing heavy smoke, the safest option is to evacuate immediately and call emergency services.

Types of Fire Extinguishers by Class

Fire extinguishers are classified based on the type of fire they are designed to put out. Each class is identified by a letter and corresponds to specific materials, as defined by national fire safety standards.

Class A Fire Extinguishers

Class A extinguishers are used for fires involving ordinary combustible materials, including wood, paper, cardboard, cloth, and some plastics.

These fires are common in living areas, bedrooms, and offices. Class A extinguishers typically use water or dry chemicals to cool and smother flames.

Class B Fire Extinguishers

On the other hand, Class B extinguishers are designed for fires involving flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, grease, paint, and solvents.

These extinguishers work by cutting off the fire’s oxygen supply and preventing re-ignition. Class B fires are often associated with garages, workshops, and storage areas.

Class C Fire Extinguishers

Additionally, Class C extinguishers are used for fires involving electrical equipment, including appliances, wiring, circuit panels, and electronics.

Class C extinguishers do not conduct electricity, making them safer for use around energized equipment like security devices. Once the electrical source is removed, the fire may be treated as a Class A or B fire.

Class D Fire Extinguishers

Class D extinguishers are designed for fires involving combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, sodium, and potassium.

These types of fires are uncommon in residential settings and are typically found in industrial or laboratory environments.

Class K Fire Extinguishers

Class K extinguishers are used for fires caused by cooking oils and fats, including grease fires in kitchens and high-temperature cooking equipment.

The National Fire Protection Association notes that grease fires should never be fought with water, which can cause flames to spread.

Types of Fire Extinguishers and Their Uses

Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to address different fire risks.

• Wood, paper, and fabric fires are best handled with Class A extinguishers.
• Gasoline, oil, and chemical fires require Class B extinguishers.
• Electrical fires should be addressed with Class C extinguishers.
• Cooking grease fires are best handled with Class K extinguishers.

Using the wrong extinguisher can cause flames to spread or increase the risk of injury.

Types of Fire Extinguishers for Home Use

Most homes rely on multi-purpose fire extinguishers, commonly labeled as ABC extinguishers. These are designed to handle Class A fires, Class B fires, and Class C fires.

ABC fire extinguishers are widely recommended for residential use because they cover the most common household fire scenarios and complement home security systems and life safety systems like monitored smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors.

Where Fire Extinguishers Should Be Placed in a Home

Fire extinguishers should be easily accessible, mounted near exits, located on each level of the home alongside smoke detectors, and positioned away from direct heat sources. Common placement areas include kitchens, garages, and hallways near sleeping areas.

RELATED: Home Fire Safety Tips to Prevent Fires at Home

Fire Extinguisher Safety and Maintenance Basics

To ensure a fire extinguisher works when needed, check the pressure gauge regularly, inspect for physical damage or corrosion, and replace or recharge extinguishers according to manufacturer guidelines.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration provides general guidance on inspection and maintenance of portable fire extinguishers.

Fire extinguishers should only be used if you have a clear exit path and the fire is small and contained.

When to Get Additional Help With Fire Safety

If you are unsure which type of fire extinguisher is right for your home, or want help integrating fire protection into a broader safety plan, professional guidance can help ensure proper coverage and placement.

Fire safety is often part of a larger home security system approach that includes properly installed devices and professional monitoring designed to help detect issues early and respond quickly in emergencies.

Call 1.800.PROTECT (1.800.776.8328) or request a free quote to get protected with a professionally installed home security system.